Acids and Bases

(7 Days)

Tentative Dates	Topic(s)	Reading Assignments . . . Selected Sections in Chapters 20 and 21	Homework
6/2	Properties and Naming of Acids and Bases Arrhenius Theory	Describing Acids and Bases, pp. 577 - 579 Arrhenius Acids and Bases, pp. 594 - 596	Section Review: 3 - 5, p. 579 Concept Practice: 34 - 39 p. 609
6/3	Acid / Base Titrations	Pre-Lab: Acid/Base Titrations Lab	Pre-Lab: Acid/Base Titrations Lab
6/4	Acid/Base Titration Lab	Lab: Acid/Base Titrations Lab Pt I	Write-Up: Processing The Data # 1 - 4
6/5	Acid/Base Titration Lab	Lab: Acid/Base Titrations Lab Pt II	Write-Up: Acid/Base Titrations Lab
6/6	pH Scale Calculating and Measuring pH Values	Hydrogen Ions from Water and pH Scale, pp. 580 - 586 Calculating pH Values and Measuring pH, pp. 587 - 592	Section Review: 16 - 18, p 593 Supplemental Problems: 1 - 4
6/9	Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base Theory (Conjugate Acids/Bases)	Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases, pp. 596 - 598	Concept Practice: 45, 46, 48, 49, p 609 Supplemental Problems 5 - 9
6/10	Strong and Weak Acids and Bases (KA and KB) Application of KAs	Strong and Weak Acids and Bases, pp. 600 - 605	Supplemental Problems: 10 - 16

Possible Labs: Heat of Acid/Base Reactions, Acid/Base Titration, Experimental Determination of K_A, Bronsted Acids and Bases

Supplemental Problems:

1. Revisit questions 4) and 5) in the Section Review on page 579. Use the Arrhenius theory to write reactions showing how the acids ionize to form H⁺ and the bases form OH^-. Use the reactions found on the bottom of page 594 (an acid) and the top of page 596 (a base) as your guide.

2. In question 39) in the Concept Practice on page 609, use the K_w of water to calculate the [OH^-] in a) & d) and the [H⁺] in b) & c).

3. The [H⁺] of household vinegar is 0.0045 M. Calculate the [OH^-], pH and the pOH of vinegar.

4. If the pH of a solution is 5, what is [H⁺]? Is the solution acidic or basic? Find the [OH^-] and pOH.

5. What is [H⁺] in a solution of pH = 8? Is the solution acidic or basic? What is [OH^-] in the same solution? The pOH?

6. Hydrochloric acid is sold in bottles that 12 M. What are the [OH^-], the pH, and pOH in these bottles?

7. In what ratio must lemon juice (pH = 2) and household ammonia (pH = 11) be mixed to yield a neutral solution?

8. An acid is a substance HA that can form H⁺ (aq) in the equilibrium: HA (aq) H⁺ (aq) + A^- (aq)

a) Does equilibrium favor reactants or products for strong acid?
b) Does equilibrium favor reactants or products for a very weak acid?
c) If acid HA₁ is a stronger acid than acid HA₂ is K₁ a larger or smaller number than K₂?

K1 = [H+][A1-] / [HA1]

K2 = [H+][A2-] / [HA2]

9. Use your table of Acid Dissociation Constants (K_As) to find:

a) Which of the following acids is the strongest and which is the weakest?

Ammonium ion, NH₄⁺ (in an NH₄Cl solution)
Hydrogen sulfate ion, HSO₄^- (in a KHSO₄ solution)
Hydrogen sulfide, H₂S

b) If 0.1 M solutions are made of NH₄Cl, KHSO₄, and H₂S, in which will [H⁺] be highest and in which will it be lowest?

10. A mixture of solid benzoic acid weighing 0.122 g was titrated with 40.0 mL of 0.0250 M NaOH. Benzoic acid has one hydrogen that reacts with base. What is the molecular weight of benzoic acid?

11. When sodium acetate, a source of CH₃COO^-, is added to an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride, HF, a reaction occurs in which the weak acid HF loses H⁺.

a) Write the equation for the reaction.
b) What base is competing with F^- for H⁺?

12. Write the equation for the reaction that shows the acid-base reaction between hydrogen sulfide H₂S, and carbonate ion CO₃^2-.

b) What are the two bases competing for H⁺?
c) From the values of K_A for these two acids, predict whether the equilibrium favors reactants or products.

13. Write the equation for the reaction in each of the following examples. For each reaction, predict whether reactants or products are favored (using values of K_A given in Appendix 4).

a) HNO₂ (aq) + NH₃ (aq)
b) NH₄⁺ (aq) + F^- (aq)
c) C₆H₅COOH (aq) + CH₃COO^-

14. Write the equations for the reactions between each of the following acids and bases. For each reaction predict whether reactants or products are favored.

a) H₂SO₃ (aq) + HCO₃^- (aq)
b) H₂CO₃ (aq) + SO₃^2- (aq)
c) H₂SO₃ (aq) + SO₃^2- (aq)

15. Identify the conjugate acids and bases in the following acid/base reactions:

HNO₃ + H₂O H₃O⁺ + NO₃^-

NH₃ + H₃PO₄ NH₄⁺ + H₂PO₄^-

HSO₃^- + HSO₄^- H₂SO₃ + SO₄^-2

16. In each of the reactions in 15), identify the strongest acids and decide which side of the reaction is favored, reactants or products. Use your chart of K_As of acids.

 

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